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  Introduction
  Geography
  People
  Government
  Economy
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  Transportation
  Military
  Transnational Issues

In general, information available as of 1 January, 2004
was used in the preparation of The World Factbook.


This page was last updated on 10 February, 2005


Map of Slovenia

Legend: DefinitionDefinition Field ListingField Listing Rank OrderRank Order
   Introduction    Slovenia
Background:
Definition Field Listing
The Slovene lands were part of the Holy Roman Empire and Austria until 1918 when the Slovenes joined the Serbs and Croats in forming a new multinational state, renamed Yugoslavia in 1929. After World War II, Slovenia became a republic of the renewed Yugoslavia, which though Communist, distanced itself from Moscow's rule. Dissatisfied with the exercise of power of the majority Serbs, the Slovenes succeeded in establishing their independence in 1991 after a short 10-day war. Historical ties to Western Europe, a strong economy, and a stable democracy have assisted in Slovenia's transformation to a modern state. Slovenia acceded to both NATO and the EU in the spring of 2004.
   Geography    Slovenia
Location:
Definition Field Listing
Central Europe, eastern Alps bordering the Adriatic Sea, between Austria and Croatia
Geographic coordinates:
Definition Field Listing
46 07 N, 14 49 E
Map references:
Definition Field Listing
Europe
Area:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
total: 20,273 sq km
land: 20,151 sq km
water: 122 sq km
Area - comparative:
Definition Field Listing
slightly smaller than New Jersey
Land boundaries:
Definition Field Listing
total: 1,334 km
border countries: Austria 330 km, Croatia 670 km, Italy 232 km, Hungary 102 km
Coastline:
Definition Field Listing
46.6 km
Maritime claims:
Definition Field Listing
NA
Climate:
Definition Field Listing
Mediterranean climate on the coast, continental climate with mild to hot summers and cold winters in the plateaus and valleys to the east
Terrain:
Definition Field Listing
a short coastal strip on the Adriatic, an alpine mountain region adjacent to Italy and Austria, mixed mountains and valleys with numerous rivers to the east
Elevation extremes:
Definition Field Listing
lowest point: Adriatic Sea 0 m
highest point: Triglav 2,864 m
Natural resources:
Definition Field Listing
lignite coal, lead, zinc, mercury, uranium, silver, hydropower, forests
Land use:
Definition Field Listing
arable land: 8.6%
permanent crops: 1.49%
other: 89.91% (2001)
Irrigated land:
Definition Field Listing
20 sq km (1998 est.)
Natural hazards:
Definition Field Listing
flooding and earthquakes
Environment - current issues:
Definition Field Listing
Sava River polluted with domestic and industrial waste; pollution of coastal waters with heavy metals and toxic chemicals; forest damage near Koper from air pollution (originating at metallurgical and chemical plants) and resulting acid rain
Environment - international agreements:
Definition Field Listing
party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants
Geography - note:
Definition Field Listing
despite its small size, this eastern Alpine country controls some of Europe's major transit routes
   People    Slovenia
Population:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
2,011,473 (July 2004 est.)
Age structure:
Definition Field Listing
0-14 years: 14.3% (male 147,506; female 139,435)
15-64 years: 70.6% (male 716,057; female 704,734)
65 years and over: 15.1% (male 115,391; female 188,350) (2004 est.)
Median age:
Definition Field Listing
total: 39.8 years
male: 38.3 years
female: 41.3 years (2004 est.)
Population growth rate:
Definition Field Listing
-0.01% (2004 est.)
Birth rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
8.9 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Death rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
10.15 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Net migration rate:
Definition Field Listing
1.12 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Sex ratio:
Definition Field Listing
at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.61 male(s)/female
total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2004 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
total: 4.5 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 5.11 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 3.84 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
total population: 75.93 years
male: 72.18 years
female: 79.92 years (2004 est.)
Total fertility rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
1.23 children born/woman (2004 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
less than 0.1% (2001 est.)
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
280 (2001 est.)
HIV/AIDS - deaths:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
less than 100 (2003 est.)
Nationality:
Definition Field Listing
noun: Slovene(s)
adjective: Slovenian
Ethnic groups:
Definition Field Listing
Slovene 92%, Croat 1%, Serb 0.5%, Hungarian 0.4%, Bosniak 0.3%, other 5.8% (1991)
Religions:
Definition Field Listing
Roman Catholic (Uniate 2%) 70.8%, Lutheran 1%, Muslim 1%, atheist 4.3%, other 22.9%
Languages:
Definition Field Listing
Slovenian 92%, Serbo-Croatian 6.2%, other 1.8%
Literacy:
Definition Field Listing
definition: NA
total population: 99.7%
male: 99.7%
female: 99.6% (2003 est.)
   Government    Slovenia
Country name:
Definition Field Listing
conventional long form: Republic of Slovenia
conventional short form: Slovenia
local long form: Republika Slovenija
local short form: Slovenija
former: People's Republic of Slovenia, Socialist Republic of Slovenia
Government type:
Definition Field Listing
parliamentary democratic republic
Capital:
Definition Field Listing
Ljubljana
Administrative divisions:
Definition Field Listing
182 municipalities (obcine, singular - obcina) and 11 urban municipalities* (mestne obcine , singular - mestna obcina ) Ajdovscina, Beltinci, Benedikt, Bistrica ob Sotli, Bled, Bloke, Bohinj, Borovnica, Bovec, Braslovce, Brda, Brezice, Brezovica, Cankova, Celje*, Cerklje na Gorenjskem, Cerknica, Cerkno, Cerkvenjak, Crensovci, Crna na Koroskem, Crnomelj, Destrnik, Divaca, Dobje, Dobrepolje, Dobrna, Dobrova-Horjul-Polhov Gradec, Dobrovnik-Dobronak, Dolenjske Toplice, Dol pri Ljubljani, Domzale, Dornava, Dravograd, Duplek, Gorenja Vas-Poljane, Gorisnica, Gornja Radgona, Gornji Grad, Gornji Petrovci, Grad, Grosuplje, Hajdina, Hoce-Slivnica, Hodos-Hodos, Horjul, Hrastnik, Hrpelje-Kozina, Idrija, Ig, Ilirska Bistrica, Ivancna Gorica, Izola-Isola, Jesenice, Jezersko, Jursinci, Kamnik, Kanal, Kidricevo, Kobarid, Kobilje, Kocevje, Komen, Komenda, Koper-Capodistria*, Kostel, Kozje, Kranj*, Kranjska Gora, Krizevci, Krsko, Kungota, Kuzma, Lasko, Lenart, Lendava-Lendva, Litija, Ljubljana*, Ljubno, Ljutomer, Logatec, Loska Dolina, Loski Potok, Lovrenc na Pohorju, Luce, Lukovica, Majsperk, Maribor*, Markovci, Medvode, Menges, Metlika, Mezica, Miklavz na Dravskem Polju, Miren-Kostanjevica, Mirna Pec, Mislinja, Moravce, Moravske Toplice, Mozirje, Murska Sobota*, Muta, Naklo, Nazarje, Nova Gorica*, Novo Mesto*, Odranci, Oplotnica, Ormoz, Osilnica, Pesnica, Piran-Pirano, Pivka, Podcetrtek, Podlehnik, Podvelka, Polzela, Postojna, Prebold, Preddvor, Prevalje, Ptuj*, Puconci, Race-Fram, Radece, Radenci, Radlje ob Dravi, Radovljica, Ravne na Koroskem, Razkrizje, Ribnica, Ribnica na Pohorju, Rogasovci, Rogaska Slatina, Rogatec, Ruse, Salovci, Selnica ob Dravi, Semic, Sempeter-Vrtojba, Sencur, Sentilj, Sentjernej, Sentjur pri Celju, Sevnica, Sezana, Skocjan, Skofja Loka, Skofljica, Slovenj Gradec*, Slovenska Bistrica, Slovenske Konjice, Smarje pri Jelsah, Smartno ob Paki, Smartno pri Litiji, Sodrazica, Solcava, Sostanj, Starse, Store, Sveta Ana, Sveti Andraz v Slovenskih Goricah, Sveti Jurij, Tabor, Tisina, Tolmin, Trbovlje, Trebnje, Trnovska Vas, Trzic, Trzin, Turnisce, Velenje*, Velika Polana, Velike Lasce, Verzej, Videm, Vipava, Vitanje, Vodice, Vojnik, Vransko, Vrhnika, Vuzenica, Zagorje ob Savi, Zalec, Zavrc, Zelezniki, Zetale, Ziri, Zirovnica, Zuzemberk, Zrece
note: there may be 45 more municipalities
Independence:
Definition Field Listing
25 June 1991 (from Yugoslavia)
National holiday:
Definition Field Listing
Independence Day/Statehood Day, 25 June (1991)
Constitution:
Definition Field Listing
adopted 23 December 1991, effective 23 December 1991
Legal system:
Definition Field Listing
based on civil law system
Suffrage:
Definition Field Listing
18 years of age; universal (16 years of age, if employed)
Executive branch:
Definition Field Listing
chief of state: President Janez DRNOVSEK (since 22 December 2002)
head of government: Prime Minister Janez JANSA (since 9 November 2004)
cabinet: Council of Ministers nominated by the prime minister and elected by the National Assembly
elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 10 November and 1 December 2002 (next to be held in the fall of 2007); following National Assembly elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of a majority coalition is usually nominated to become prime minister by the president and elected by the National Assembly; election last held 9 November 2004 (next National Assembly elections to be held October 2008)
election results: Janez DRNOVSEK elected president; percent of vote - Janez DRNOVSEK 56.5%, Barbara BREZIGAR 43.5%; Janez JANSA elected prime minister; National Assembly vote - 57 to 27
Legislative branch:
Definition Field Listing
bicameral Parliament consisting of a National Assembly or Drzavni Zbor (90 seats; 40 are directly elected and 50 are selected on a proportional basis; note - the numbers of directly elected and proportionally elected seats varies with each election; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) and the National Council or Drzavni Svet (this is primarily an advisory body organized on corporatist principles with limited legislative powers; it may propose laws, ask to review any National Assembly decisions, and call national referenda; members are indirectly elected to five-year terms by an electoral college)
elections: National Assembly - last held 3 October 2004 (next to be held October 2008)
election results: percent of vote by party - SDS 29.1%, LDS 22.8%, ZLSD 10.2%, NSi 9%, SLS 6.8%, SNS 6.3%, DeSUS 4.1%, other 11.7%; seats by party - SDS 29, LDS 23, ZLSD 10, NSi 9, SLS 7, SNS 6, DeSUS 4, Hungarian and Italian minorities 1 each
Judicial branch:
Definition Field Listing
Supreme Court (judges are elected by the National Assembly on the recommendation of the Judicial Council); Constitutional Court (judges elected for nine-year terms by the National Assembly and nominated by the president)
Political parties and leaders:
Definition Field Listing
Democratic Party of Retired (Persons) of Slovenia or DeSUS [Anton ROUS]; Liberal Democratic Party or LDS [Anton ROP]; New Slovenia or NSi [Andrej BAJUK]; Slovene Democratic Party or SDS [Janez Jansa]; Slovene National Party or SNS [Zmago JELINCIC]; Slovene People's Party or SLS [Janez PODOBNIK]; Slovene Youth Party or SMS [Darko KRANJC]; United List of Social Democrats or ZLSD [Borut PAHOR]
Political pressure groups and leaders:
Definition Field Listing
NA
International organization participation:
Definition Field Listing
Australia Group, BIS, CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, EU (new member), FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MIGA, NAM (guest), NSG, OAS (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIK, UNTSO, UPU, WCO, WEU (member affiliate), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO, ZC
Diplomatic representation in the US:
Definition Field Listing
chief of mission: Ambassador Samuel ZBOGAR
chancery: 1525 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036
telephone: [1] (202) 667-5363
FAX: [1] (202) 667-4563
consulate(s) general: New York and Cleveland
Diplomatic representation from the US:
Definition Field Listing
chief of mission: Ambassador Thomas B. ROBERTSON
embassy: Presernova 31, 1000 Ljubljana
mailing address: American Embassy Ljubljana, Department of State, 7140 Ljubljana Place, Washington, DC 20521-7140
telephone: [386] (1) 200-5500
FAX: [386] (1) 200-5555
Flag description:
Definition Field Listing
three equal horizontal bands of white (top), blue, and red, with the Slovenian seal (a shield with the image of Triglav, Slovenia's highest peak, in white against a blue background at the center; beneath it are two wavy blue lines depicting seas and rivers, and above it are three six-pointed stars arranged in an inverted triangle, which are taken from the coat of arms of the Counts of Celje, the great Slovene dynastic house of the late 14th and early 15th centuries); the seal is located in the upper hoist side of the flag centered in the white and blue bands
   Economy    Slovenia
Economy - overview:
Definition Field Listing
Slovenia, with its historical ties to Western Europe, enjoys a GDP per capita substantially higher than that of the other transitioning economies of Central Europe. In March 2004, Slovenia became the first transition country to graduate from borrower status to donor partner at the World Bank. Privatization of the economy proceeded at an accelerated pace in 2002-03, and the budget deficit dropped from 3.0% of GDP in 2002 to 1.6% in 2003. Despite the economic slowdown in Europe in 2001-03, Slovenia maintained 3% growth. Structural reforms to improve the business environment allow for greater foreign participation in Slovenia's economy and help to lower unemployment. Further measures to curb inflation are also needed. Corruption and the high degree of coordination between government, business, and central bank policy are issues of concern in the run-up to Slovenia's scheduled 1 May 2004 accession to the European Union.
GDP:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
purchasing power parity - $36.82 billion (2003 est.)
GDP - real growth rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
2.3% (2003 est.)
GDP - per capita:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
purchasing power parity - $19,000 (2003 est.)
GDP - composition by sector:
Definition Field Listing
agriculture: 3%
industry: 39.7%
services: 57.3% (2003 est.)
Investment (gross fixed):
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
23.3% of GDP (2003)
Population below poverty line:
Definition Field Listing
NA
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
Definition Field Listing
lowest 10%: 3.9%
highest 10%: 23% (1998)
Distribution of family income - Gini index:
Definition Field Listing
28.4 (1998)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
5.6% (2003 est.)
Labor force:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
875,000 (2003)
Labor force - by occupation:
Definition Field Listing
agriculture NA, industry NA, services NA
Unemployment rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
11.2% (2003 est.)
Budget:
Definition Field Listing
revenues: $11.46 billion
expenditures: $11.85 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2003 est.)
Public debt:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
31.9% of GDP (2003)
Agriculture - products:
Definition Field Listing
potatoes, hops, wheat, sugar beets, corn, grapes; cattle, sheep, poultry
Industries:
Definition Field Listing
ferrous metallurgy and aluminum products, lead and zinc smelting, electronics (including military electronics), trucks, electric power equipment, wood products, textiles, chemicals, machine tools
Industrial production growth rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
1.4% (2003)
Electricity - production:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
13.69 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - consumption:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
13.83 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports:
Definition Field Listing
3 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports:
Definition Field Listing
4.1 billion kWh (2001)
Oil - production:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
20 bbl/day NA bbl/day (2001 est.)
Oil - consumption:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
53,300 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Oil - exports:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
NA (2001)
Oil - imports:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
NA (2001)
Natural gas - production:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
0 cu m (2001 est.)
Natural gas - consumption:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
1.04 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Natural gas - exports:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
0 cu m (2001 est.)
Natural gas - imports:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
1.04 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Current account balance:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
$15.1 million (2003)
Exports:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
$11.98 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)
Exports - commodities:
Definition Field Listing
manufactured goods, machinery and transport equipment, chemicals, food
Exports - partners:
Definition Field Listing
Germany 23.2%, Italy 13.2%, Croatia 9%, Austria 7.3%, France 5.7%, Bosnia and Herzegovina 4.2% (2003)
Imports:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
$12.63 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)
Imports - commodities:
Definition Field Listing
machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, chemicals, fuels and lubricants, food
Imports - partners:
Definition Field Listing
Germany 19.3%, Italy 18.3%, France 10%, Austria 8.6% (2003)
Reserves of foreign exchange & gold:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
$8.598 billion (2003)
Debt - external:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
$11.33 billion (2003)
Economic aid - recipient:
Definition Field Listing
ODA, $62 million (2000 est.)
Currency:
Definition Field Listing
tolar (SIT)
Currency code:
Definition Field Listing
SIT
Exchange rates:
Definition Field Listing
tolars per US dollar - 207.099 (2003), 240.248 (2002), 242.749 (2001), 222.656 (2000), 181.769 (1999)
Fiscal year:
Definition Field Listing
calendar year
   Communications    Slovenia
Telephones - main lines in use:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
812,300 (2003)
Telephones - mobile cellular:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
1,739,100 (2003)
Telephone system:
Definition Field Listing
general assessment: NA
domestic: 100% digital (2000)
international: country code - 386
Radio broadcast stations:
Definition Field Listing
AM 17, FM 160, shortwave 0 (1998)
Television broadcast stations:
Definition Field Listing
48 (2001)
Internet country code:
Definition Field Listing
.si
Internet hosts:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
45,491 (2004)
Internet users:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
750,000 (2002)
   Transportation    Slovenia
Railways:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
total: 1,201 km
standard gauge: 1,201 km 1.435-m gauge (499 km electrified) (2003)
Highways:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
total: 20,177 km
paved: 20,157 km (including 427 km of expressways)
unpaved: 20 km (2000)
Pipelines:
Definition Field Listing
gas 2,526 km; oil 11 km (2004)
Ports and harbors:
Definition Field Listing
Izola, Koper, Piran
Airports:
Definition Field Listing
14 (2003 est.)
Airports - with paved runways:
Definition Field Listing
total: 6
over 3,047 m: 1
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 2
under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways:
Definition Field Listing
total: 8
1,524 to 2,437 m: 2
914 to 1,523 m: 2
under 914 m: 4 (2004 est.)
   Military    Slovenia
Military branches:
Definition Field Listing
Slovenian Army (includes Air and Naval Forces)
Military manpower - military age and obligation:
Definition Field Listing
17 years of age for voluntary military service; conscription abolished in 2004 (2004)
Military manpower - availability:
Definition Field Listing
males age 15-49: 525,983 (2004 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service:
Definition Field Listing
males age 15-49: 417,875 (2004 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually:
Definition Field Listing
males: 13,315 (2004 est.)
Military expenditures - dollar figure:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
$370 million (FY00)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
1.7% (FY00)
   Transnational Issues    Slovenia
Disputes - international:
Definition Field Listing
the Croatia-Slovenia land and maritime boundary agreement, which would have ceded most of Piran Bay and maritime access to Slovenia and several villages to Croatia, remains controversial, has not been ratified, and has been complicated by Croatia's declaration of an ecological-fisheries zone in the Adriatic Sea
Illicit drugs:
Definition Field Listing
minor transit point for cocaine and Southwest Asian heroin bound for Western Europe, and for precursor chemicals

This page was last updated on 10 February, 2005


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