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The World Factbook 2002

         
  Antigua and Barbuda  
Flag of Antigua and Barbuda
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  Introduction
  Geography
  People
  Government
  Economy
  Communications
  Transportation
  Military
  Transnational Issues

In general, information available as of 1 January 2002
was used in the preparation of The World Factbook 2002.


This page was last updated on 1 January 2002


Map of Antigua and Barbuda

Legend: Definition Definition Field Listing Field Listing
   Introduction    Antigua and Barbuda
Background:
Definition Field Listing
The islands of Antigua and Barbuda became an independent state within the British Commonwealth of Nations in 1981. Some 3,000 refugees fleeing a volcanic eruption on nearby Montserrat have settled in Antigua and Barbuda since 1995.
   Geography    Antigua and Barbuda
Location:
Definition Field Listing
Caribbean, islands between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, east-southeast of Puerto Rico
Geographic coordinates:
Definition Field Listing
17 03 N, 61 48 W
Map references:
Definition Field Listing
Central America and the Caribbean
Area:
Definition Field Listing
total: 443 sq km (Antigua 280 sq km; Barbuda 161 sq km)
water: 0 sq km
note: includes Redonda, 1.6 sq km
land: 442 sq km
Area - comparative:
Definition Field Listing
2.5 times the size of Washington, DC
Land boundaries:
Definition Field Listing
0 km
Coastline:
Definition Field Listing
153 km
Maritime claims:
Definition Field Listing
contiguous zone: 24 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
continental shelf: 200 NM or to the edge of the continental margin
Climate:
Definition Field Listing
tropical marine; little seasonal temperature variation
Terrain:
Definition Field Listing
mostly low-lying limestone and coral islands, with some higher volcanic areas
Elevation extremes:
Definition Field Listing
lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m
highest point: Boggy Peak 402 m
Natural resources:
Definition Field Listing
NEGL; pleasant climate fosters tourism
Land use:
Definition Field Listing
arable land: 18%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 82% (1998 est.)
Irrigated land:
Definition Field Listing
NA sq km
Natural hazards:
Definition Field Listing
hurricanes and tropical storms (July to October); periodic droughts
Environment - current issues:
Definition Field Listing
water management - a major concern because of limited natural fresh water resources - is further hampered by the clearing of trees to increase crop production, causing rainfall to run off quickly
Environment - international agreements:
Definition Field Listing
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Geography - note:
Definition Field Listing
Antigua has a deeply indented shoreline with many natural harbors and beaches; Barbuda has a very large western harbor
   People    Antigua and Barbuda
Population:
Definition Field Listing
67,448 (July 2002 est.)
Age structure:
Definition Field Listing
0-14 years: 28% (male 9,618; female 9,293)
15-64 years: 67.3% (male 22,695; female 22,682)
65 years and over: 4.7% (male 1,289; female 1,871) (2002 est.)
Population growth rate:
Definition Field Listing
0.69% (2002 est.)
Birth rate:
Definition Field Listing
18.84 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Death rate:
Definition Field Listing
5.75 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Net migration rate:
Definition Field Listing
-6.23 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Sex ratio:
Definition Field Listing
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female
total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
Definition Field Listing
21.61 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
Definition Field Listing
total population: 71.02 years
female: 73.45 years (2002 est.)
male: 68.72 years
Total fertility rate:
Definition Field Listing
2.29 children born/woman (2002 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
Definition Field Listing
NA%
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
Definition Field Listing
NA
HIV/AIDS - deaths:
Definition Field Listing
NA
Nationality:
Definition Field Listing
noun: Antiguan(s), Barbudan(s)
adjective: Antiguan, Barbudan
Ethnic groups:
Definition Field Listing
black, British, Portuguese, Lebanese, Syrian
Religions:
Definition Field Listing
Anglican (predominant), other Protestant, some Roman Catholic
Languages:
Definition Field Listing
English (official), local dialects
Literacy:
Definition Field Listing
definition: age 15 and over has completed five or more years of schooling
total population: 89%
male: 90%
female: 88% (1960 est.)
   Government    Antigua and Barbuda
Country name:
Definition Field Listing
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Antigua and Barbuda
Government type:
Definition Field Listing
constitutional monarchy with UK-style parliament
Capital:
Definition Field Listing
Saint John's
Administrative divisions:
Definition Field Listing
6 parishes and 2 dependencies*; Barbuda*, Redonda*, Saint George, Saint John, Saint Mary, Saint Paul, Saint Peter, Saint Philip
Independence:
Definition Field Listing
1 November 1981 (from UK)
National holiday:
Definition Field Listing
Independence Day (National Day), 1 November (1981)
Constitution:
Definition Field Listing
1 November 1981
Legal system:
Definition Field Listing
based on English common law
Suffrage:
Definition Field Listing
18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
Definition Field Listing
chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General James B. CARLISLE (since NA 1993)
elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor general chosen by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister; prime minister appointed by the governor general
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister
head of government: Prime Minister Lester Bryant BIRD (since 8 March 1994)
Legislative branch:
Definition Field Listing
bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (17-member body appointed by the governor general) and the House of Representatives (17 seats; members are elected by proportional representation to serve five-year terms)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - ALP 12, UPP 4, independent 1
elections: House of Representatives - last held 9 March 1999 (next to be held NA March 2004)
Judicial branch:
Definition Field Listing
Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (based in Saint Lucia; one judge of the Supreme Court is a resident of the islands and presides over the Court of Summary Jurisdiction)
Political parties and leaders:
Definition Field Listing
Antigua Labor Party or ALP [Lester Bryant BIRD]; Barbuda People's Movement or BPM [Thomas H. FRANK]; United Progressive Party or UPP [Baldwin SPENCER] (a coalition of three opposition parties - United National Democratic Party or UNDP, Antigua Caribbean Liberation Movement or ACLM, and Progressive Labor Movement or PLM)
Political pressure groups and leaders:
Definition Field Listing
Antigua Trades and Labor Union or ATLU [William ROBINSON]; People's Democratic Movement or PDM [Hugh MARSHALL]
International organization participation:
Definition Field Listing
ACP, C, Caricom, CDB, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO (subscriber), ITU, NAM (observer), OAS, OECS, OPANAL, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO
Diplomatic representation in the US:
Definition Field Listing
chief of mission: Ambassador Lionel Alexander HURST
chancery: 3216 New Mexico Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20016
telephone: [1] (202) 362-5211
FAX: [1] (202) 362-5225
consulate(s) general: Miami
Diplomatic representation from the US:
Definition Field Listing
the US does not have an embassy in Antigua and Barbuda (embassy closed 30 June 1994); the US Ambassador to Barbados is accredited to Antigua and Barbuda
Flag description:
Definition Field Listing
red, with an inverted isosceles triangle based on the top edge of the flag; the triangle contains three horizontal bands of black (top), light blue, and white, with a yellow rising sun in the black band
   Economy    Antigua and Barbuda
Economy - overview:
Definition Field Listing
Tourism continues to dominate the economy, accounting for more than half of GDP. Weak tourist arrival numbers since early 2000 have slowed the economy, however, and pressed the government into a tight fiscal corner. The dual-island nation's agricultural production is focused on the domestic market and constrained by a limited water supply and a labor shortage stemming from the lure of higher wages in tourism and construction work. Manufacturing comprises enclave-type assembly for export with major products being bedding, handicrafts, and electronic components. Prospects for economic growth in the medium term will continue to depend on income growth in the industrialized world, especially in the US, which accounts for about one-third of all tourist arrivals.
GDP:
Definition Field Listing
purchasing power parity - $674 million (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate:
Definition Field Listing
3.5% (2000 est.)
GDP - per capita:
Definition Field Listing
purchasing power parity - $10,000 (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector:
Definition Field Listing
agriculture: 3.9%
industry: 19.1%
services: 77% (2001 est.)
Population below poverty line:
Definition Field Listing
NA%
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
Definition Field Listing
lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
Definition Field Listing
0.4% (2000 est.)
Labor force:
Definition Field Listing
30,000
Labor force - by occupation:
Definition Field Listing
commerce and services 82%, agriculture 11%, industry 7% (1983)
Unemployment rate:
Definition Field Listing
7% (2000 est.)
Budget:
Definition Field Listing
revenues: $123.7 million
expenditures: $145.9 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.)
Industries:
Definition Field Listing
tourism, construction, light manufacturing (clothing, alcohol, household appliances)
Industrial production growth rate:
Definition Field Listing
6% (1997 est.)
Electricity - production:
Definition Field Listing
100 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - production by source:
Definition Field Listing
fossil fuel: 100%
hydro: 0%
other: 0% (2000)
nuclear: 0%
Electricity - consumption:
Definition Field Listing
93 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - exports:
Definition Field Listing
0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - imports:
Definition Field Listing
0 kWh (2000)
Agriculture - products:
Definition Field Listing
cotton, fruits, vegetables, bananas, coconuts, cucumbers, mangoes, sugarcane; livestock
Exports:
Definition Field Listing
$40 million (2000 est.)
Exports - commodities:
Definition Field Listing
petroleum products 48%, manufactures 23%, machinery and transport equipment 17%, food and live animals 4%, other 8%
Exports - partners:
Definition Field Listing
OECS 26%, Barbados 15%, Guyana 4%, Trinidad and Tobago 2%, US 0.3%
Imports:
Definition Field Listing
$357 million (2000 est.)
Imports - commodities:
Definition Field Listing
food and live animals, machinery and transport equipment, manufactures, chemicals, oil
Imports - partners:
Definition Field Listing
US 27%, UK 16%, Canada 4%, OECS 3%
Debt - external:
Definition Field Listing
$231 million (1999)
Economic aid - recipient:
Definition Field Listing
$2.3 million (1995)
Currency:
Definition Field Listing
East Caribbean dollar (XCD)
Currency code:
Definition Field Listing
XCD
Exchange rates:
Definition Field Listing
East Caribbean dollars per US dollar - 2.7000 (fixed rate since 1976)
Fiscal year:
Definition Field Listing
1 April - 31 March
   Communications    Antigua and Barbuda
Telephones - main lines in use:
Definition Field Listing
28,000 (1996)
Telephones - mobile cellular:
Definition Field Listing
1,300 (1996)
Telephone system:
Definition Field Listing
general assessment: NA
domestic: good automatic telephone system
international: 1 coaxial submarine cable; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); tropospheric scatter to Saba (Netherlands Antilles) and Guadeloupe
Radio broadcast stations:
Definition Field Listing
AM 4, FM 2, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios:
Definition Field Listing
36,000 (1997)
Television broadcast stations:
Definition Field Listing
2 (1997)
Televisions:
Definition Field Listing
31,000 (1997)
Internet country code:
Definition Field Listing
.ag
Internet Service Providers (ISPs):
Definition Field Listing
16 (2000)
Internet users:
Definition Field Listing
5,000 (2001)
   Transportation    Antigua and Barbuda
Railways:
Definition Field Listing
total: 77 km
narrow gauge: 64 km 0.760-m gauge; 13 km 0.610-m gauge (used almost exclusively for handling sugarcane) (2001 est.)
Highways:
Definition Field Listing
total: 1,165 km
paved: 384 km
unpaved: 781 km
note: it is assumed that the main roads are paved; the secondary roads are assumed to be unpaved (1995)
Waterways:
Definition Field Listing
none
Ports and harbors:
Definition Field Listing
Saint John's
Merchant marine:
Definition Field Listing
total: 762 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 4,541,940 GRT/5,894,553 DWT
ships by type: bulk 20, cargo 469, chemical tanker 9, combination bulk 4, container 202, liquefied gas 7, multi-functional large-load carrier 6, petroleum tanker 1, refrigerated cargo 9, roll on/roll off 35
note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Australia 1, Bangladesh 2, Belgium 3, Colombia 1, Cuba 1, Estonia 1, Germany 747, Greece 1, Iceland 8, Latvia 1, Lebanon 2, Lithuania 1, Netherlands 22, New Zealand 2, Portugal 1, Slovenia 6, South Africa 1, Sweden 2, United Kingdom 1, United States 7 (2002 est.)
Airports:
Definition Field Listing
3 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways:
Definition Field Listing
total: 2
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
under 914 m: 1 (2001)
Airports - with unpaved runways:
Definition Field Listing
total: 1
under 914 m: 1 (2001)
   Military    Antigua and Barbuda
Military branches:
Definition Field Listing
Royal Antigua and Barbuda Defense Force, Royal Antigua and Barbuda Police Force (including the Coast Guard)
Military expenditures - dollar figure:
Definition Field Listing
$NA
Military expenditures - percent of GDP:
Definition Field Listing
NA%
   Transnational Issues    Antigua and Barbuda
Disputes - international:
Definition Field Listing
none
Illicit drugs:
Definition Field Listing
considered a minor transshipment point for narcotics bound for the US and Europe; more significant as a drug-money-laundering center

This page was last updated on 1 January 2002


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