The RAINS model estimates deposition of sulphur and nitrogen compounds due to the emissions in each country, and then sums the contributions from each country with a background contribution to compute total deposition at any grid location. The calculations available here are based on source-receptor matrices derived from the EMEP Lagrangian model of long-range transport of air pollutants in Europe.
In order to capture the inter-annual meteorological variability, model runs have been performed for 11 years (1985-1995, Barret and Sandnes, 1996). For each of these years, budgets of sources (aggregated to entire countries) and sinks (in a regular grid mesh with a size of 150km x 150km) of pollutants have been calculated. These annual source-receptor budgets have been averaged over 11 years and re-scaled to provide the spatial distribution of one unit of emissions. The resulting atmospheric transfer matrices are then used to calculate the deposition resulting from a given emissions scenario.
N.B. These transfer matrices were used in the analyses performed during the preparations for the CLRTAP Gothenburg Protocol to Abate Acidification, Eutrophication and Ground-level Ozone and the EU National Emissions Ceilings Directive (2001/81/EC). New transfer matrices - based on the 'Unified' EMEP Eulerian model with a 50km x 50km grid resolution - will be calculated for analyses to be carried out under the EU Clean Air for Europe (CAFE) programme.
The following types of deposition maps may be calculated:
| Sulphur | as | mg S m-2 year-1 |
| Oxidised Nitrogen | as | mg N m-2 year-1 |
| Reduced Nitrogen | as | mg N m-2 year-1 |
| Total Nitrogen | as | mg N m-2 year-1 |
| Sulphur(eq/ha) | as | equivalents ha-1 year-1 |
| Acidity(eq/ha) | as | equivalents ha-1 year-1 |
| Nitrogen(eq/ha) | as | equivalents ha-1 year-1 |
The only option related to deposition maps is to display one:
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the relevant emission values displayed in the form (on the main page)
are used to calculate the selected deposition variable which will be
displayed on a map using a 150km x 150km grid.
N.B. The emission values from the form used for the deposition calculation are "remembered" and will be used for any subsequent deposition or environmental impact calculation until replaced by the emissions of a newly selected scenario or emission field. |
Barret K., Sandnes H. (1996) Transboundary Acidifying Air Pollution calculated transport and exchange across Europe, 1985-1995. In: Barret K., Berge E. (eds.) Transboundary Air Pollution in Europe. MSC-W Status Report 1996, Meteorological Synthesizing Centre - West, Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Oslo, Norway.
| Responsible for this page: Chris Heyes |
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