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  Introduction
  Geography
  People
  Government
  Economy
  Communications
  Transportation
  Military
  Transnational Issues

In general, information available as of 1 January, 2004
was used in the preparation of The World Factbook.


This page was last updated on 10 February, 2005


Map of Azerbaijan

Legend: DefinitionDefinition Field ListingField Listing Rank OrderRank Order
   Introduction    Azerbaijan
Background:
Definition Field Listing
Azerbaijan - a nation with a Turkic and majority-Muslim population - regained its independence after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. Despite a 1994 cease-fire, Azerbaijan has yet to resolve its conflict with Armenia over the Azerbaijani Nagorno-Karabakh enclave (largely Armenian populated). Azerbaijan has lost 16% of its territory and must support some 800,000 refugees and internally displaced persons as a result of the conflict. Corruption is ubiquitous and the promise of widespread wealth from Azerbaijan's undeveloped petroleum resources remains largely unfulfilled.
   Geography    Azerbaijan
Location:
Definition Field Listing
Southwestern Asia, bordering the Caspian Sea, between Iran and Russia, with a small European portion north of the Caucasus range
Geographic coordinates:
Definition Field Listing
40 30 N, 47 30 E
Map references:
Definition Field Listing
Asia
Area:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
total: 86,600 sq km
land: 86,100 sq km
water: 500 sq km
note: includes the exclave of Naxcivan Autonomous Republic and the Nagorno-Karabakh region; the region's autonomy was abolished by Azerbaijani Supreme Soviet on 26 November 1991
Area - comparative:
Definition Field Listing
slightly smaller than Maine
Land boundaries:
Definition Field Listing
total: 2,013 km
border countries: Armenia (with Azerbaijan-proper) 566 km, Armenia (with Azerbaijan-Naxcivan exclave) 221 km, Georgia 322 km, Iran (with Azerbaijan-proper) 432 km, Iran (with Azerbaijan-Naxcivan exclave) 179 km, Russia 284 km, Turkey 9 km
Coastline:
Definition Field Listing
0 km (landlocked); note - Azerbaijan borders the Caspian Sea (800 km, est.)
Climate:
Definition Field Listing
dry, semiarid steppe
Terrain:
Definition Field Listing
large, flat Kur-Araz Ovaligi (Kura-Araks Lowland) (much of it below sea level) with Great Caucasus Mountains to the north, Qarabag Yaylasi (Karabakh Upland) in west; Baku lies on Abseron Yasaqligi (Apsheron Peninsula) that juts into Caspian Sea
Elevation extremes:
Definition Field Listing
lowest point: Caspian Sea -28 m
highest point: Bazarduzu Dagi 4,485 m
Natural resources:
Definition Field Listing
petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, nonferrous metals, alumina
Land use:
Definition Field Listing
arable land: 19.63%
permanent crops: 2.71%
other: 77.66% (2001)
Irrigated land:
Definition Field Listing
14,550 sq km (1998 est.)
Natural hazards:
Definition Field Listing
droughts
Environment - current issues:
Definition Field Listing
local scientists consider the Abseron Yasaqligi (Apsheron Peninsula) (including Baku and Sumqayit) and the Caspian Sea to be the ecologically most devastated area in the world because of severe air, soil, and water pollution; soil pollution results from oil spills, from the use of DDT as a pesticide, and from toxic defoliants used in the production of cotton
Environment - international agreements:
Definition Field Listing
party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Geography - note:
Definition Field Listing
both the main area of the country and the Naxcivan exclave are landlocked
   People    Azerbaijan
Population:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
7,868,385 (July 2004 est.)
Age structure:
Definition Field Listing
0-14 years: 27% (male 1,081,579; female 1,046,270)
15-64 years: 65.2% (male 2,499,618; female 2,630,386)
65 years and over: 7.8% (male 242,253; female 368,279) (2004 est.)
Median age:
Definition Field Listing
total: 27.3 years
male: 25.9 years
female: 28.8 years (2004 est.)
Population growth rate:
Definition Field Listing
0.52% (2004 est.)
Birth rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
19.81 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Death rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
9.76 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Net migration rate:
Definition Field Listing
-4.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Sex ratio:
Definition Field Listing
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.66 male(s)/female
total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2004 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
total: 82.07 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 83.99 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 80.06 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
total population: 63.25 years
male: 59.09 years
female: 67.62 years (2004 est.)
Total fertility rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
2.39 children born/woman (2004 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
less than 0.1% (2003 est.)
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
1,400 (2003 est.)
HIV/AIDS - deaths:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
less than 100 (2001 est.)
Nationality:
Definition Field Listing
noun: Azerbaijani(s)
adjective: Azerbaijani
Ethnic groups:
Definition Field Listing
Azeri 90%, Dagestani 3.2%, Russian 2.5%, Armenian 2%, other 2.3% (1998 est.)
note: almost all Armenians live in the separatist Nagorno-Karabakh region
Religions:
Definition Field Listing
Muslim 93.4%, Russian Orthodox 2.5%, Armenian Orthodox 2.3%, other 1.8% (1995 est.)
note: religious affiliation is still nominal in Azerbaijan; percentages for actual practicing adherents are much lower
Languages:
Definition Field Listing
Azerbaijani (Azeri) 89%, Russian 3%, Armenian 2%, other 6% (1995 est.)
Literacy:
Definition Field Listing
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 97%
male: 99%
female: 96% (1989 est.)
   Government    Azerbaijan
Country name:
Definition Field Listing
conventional long form: Republic of Azerbaijan
conventional short form: Azerbaijan
local long form: Azarbaycan Respublikasi
local short form: none
former: Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic
Government type:
Definition Field Listing
republic
Capital:
Definition Field Listing
Baku (Baki)
Administrative divisions:
Definition Field Listing
59 rayons (rayonlar; rayon - singular), 11 cities* (saharlar; sahar - singular), 1 autonomous republic** (muxtar respublika)
: rayons: Abseron Rayonu, Agcabadi Rayonu, Agdam Rayonu, Agdas Rayonu, Agstafa Rayonu, Agsu Rayonu, Astara Rayonu, Balakan Rayonu, Barda Rayonu, Beylaqan Rayonu, Bilasuvar Rayonu, Cabrayil Rayonu, Calilabad Rayonu, Daskasan Rayonu, Davaci Rayonu, Fuzuli Rayonu, Gadabay Rayonu, Goranboy Rayonu, Goycay Rayonu, Haciqabul Rayonu, Imisli Rayonu, Ismayilli Rayonu, Kalbacar Rayonu, Kurdamir Rayonu, Lacin Rayonu, Lankaran Rayonu, Lerik Rayonu, Masalli Rayonu, Neftcala Rayonu, Oguz Rayonu, Qabala Rayonu, Qax Rayonu, Qazax Rayonu, Qobustan Rayonu, Quba Rayonu, Qubadli Rayonu, Qusar Rayonu, Saatli Rayonu, Sabirabad Rayonu, Saki Rayonu, Salyan Rayonu, Samaxi Rayonu, Samkir Rayonu, Samux Rayonu, Siyazan Rayonu, Susa Rayonu, Tartar Rayonu, Tovuz Rayonu, Ucar Rayonu, Xacmaz Rayonu, Xanlar Rayonu, Xizi Rayonu, Xocali Rayonu, Xocavand Rayonu, Yardimli Rayonu, Yevlax Rayonu, Zangilan Rayonu, Zaqatala Rayonu, Zardab Rayonu
: cities: Ali Bayramli Sahari, Baki Sahari, Ganca Sahari, Lankaran Sahari, Mingacevir Sahari, Naftalan Sahari, Saki Sahari, Sumqayit Sahari, Susa Sahari, Xankandi Sahari, Yevlax Sahari
: autonomous republic: Naxcivan Muxtar Respublikasi
Independence:
Definition Field Listing
30 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)
National holiday:
Definition Field Listing
Founding of the Democratic Republic of Azerbaidzhan, 28 May (1918)
Constitution:
Definition Field Listing
adopted 12 November 1995
Legal system:
Definition Field Listing
based on civil law system
Suffrage:
Definition Field Listing
18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
Definition Field Listing
chief of state: President Ilham ALIYEV (since 31 October 2003)
head of government: Prime Minister Artur RASIZADE (since 4 November 2003); First Deputy Prime Minister Abbas ABBASOV (since 10 November 2003)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president and confirmed by the National Assembly
elections: president elected by popular vote to a five-year term; election last held 15 October 2003 (next to be held NA October 2008); prime minister and first deputy prime ministers appointed by the president and confirmed by the National Assembly
election results: Ilham ALIYEV elected president; percent of vote - Ilham ALIYEV 76.8%, Isa GAMBAR 14%
Legislative branch:
Definition Field Listing
unicameral National Assembly or Milli Mejlis (125 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 4 November 2000 (next to be held NA November 2005)
note: 100 members of the current parliament were elected on the basis of single mandate constituencies, while 25 were elected based on proportional balloting; as a result of a 24 August 2002 national referendum on changes to the constitution, all 125 members of the next parliament will be elected from single mandate constituencies
election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NAP and allies 108, APF "Reform" 6, CSP 3, PNIA 2, Musavat Party 2, CPA 2, APF "Classic" 1, Compatriot Party 1
note: PNIA, Musavat, and APF "Classic" parties refused to take their seats
Judicial branch:
Definition Field Listing
Supreme Court
Political parties and leaders:
Definition Field Listing
Azerbaijan Popular Front or APF [Ali KARIMLI, leader of "Reform" faction; Mirmahmud MIRALI-OGLU, leader of "Classic" faction]; Civic Solidarity Party or CSP [Sabir RUSTAMKHANLY]; Civic Union Party [Ayaz MUTALIBOV]; Communist Party of Azerbaijan or CPA [Ramiz AHMADOV]; Compatriot Party [Mais SAFARLI]; Democratic Party for Azerbaijan or DPA [Rasul QULIYEV, chairman]; Justice Party [Ilyas ISMAILOV]; Liberal Party of Azerbaijan [Lala Shovkat HACIYEVA]; Musavat [Isa GAMBAR, chairman]; New Azerbaijan Party or NAP [vacant]; Party for National Independence of Azerbaijan or PNIA [Etibar MAMMADLI, chairman]; Social Democratic Party of Azerbaijan or SDP [Araz ALIZADE and Ayaz MUTALIBOV]
note: opposition parties regularly factionalize and form new parties
Political pressure groups and leaders:
Definition Field Listing
Sadval, Lezgin movement; self-proclaimed Armenian Nagorno-Karabakh Republic; Talysh independence movement; Union of Pro-Azerbaijani Forces (UPAF)
International organization participation:
Definition Field Listing
AsDB, BSEC, CE, CIS, EAPC, EBRD, ECO, FAO, GUUAM, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MIGA, OAS (observer), OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO (observer)
Diplomatic representation in the US:
Definition Field Listing
chief of mission: Ambassador Hafiz PASHAYEV
chancery: 2741 34th Street NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 337-3500
FAX: [1] (202) 337-5911
Diplomatic representation from the US:
Definition Field Listing
chief of mission: Ambassador Reno L. HARNISH III
embassy: 83 Azadlyg Prospecti, Baku AZ1007
mailing address: American Embassy Baku, Department of State, 7050 Baku Place, Washington, DC 20521-7050
telephone: [9] (9412) 98-03-35, 36, 37
FAX: [9] (9412) 656-671
Flag description:
Definition Field Listing
three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), red, and green; a crescent and eight-pointed star in white are centered in red band
   Economy    Azerbaijan
Economy - overview:
Definition Field Listing
Azerbaijan's number one export is oil. Azerbaijan's oil production declined through 1997 but has registered an increase every year since. Negotiation of production-sharing arrangements (PSAs) with foreign firms, which have thus far committed $60 billion to long-term oilfield development, should generate the funds needed to spur future industrial development. Oil production under the first of these PSAs, with the Azerbaijan International Operating Company, began in November 1997. Azerbaijan shares all the formidable problems of the former Soviet republics in making the transition from a command to a market economy, but its considerable energy resources brighten its long-term prospects. Baku has only recently begun making progress on economic reform, and old economic ties and structures are slowly being replaced. One obstacle to economic progress is the need for stepped up foreign investment in the non-energy sector. A second obstacle is the continuing conflict with Armenia over the Nagorno-Karabakh region. Trade with Russia and the other former Soviet republics is declining in importance while trade is building with Turkey and the nations of Europe. Long-term prospects will depend on world oil prices, the location of new pipelines in the region, and Azerbaijan's ability to manage its oil wealth.
GDP:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
purchasing power parity - $26.65 billion (2003 est.)
GDP - real growth rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
11.2% (2003 est.)
GDP - per capita:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
purchasing power parity - $3,400 (2003 est.)
GDP - composition by sector:
Definition Field Listing
agriculture: 14.1%
industry: 45.7%
services: 40.2% (2002 est.)
Investment (gross fixed):
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
50.4% of GDP (2003)
Population below poverty line:
Definition Field Listing
49% (2002 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
Definition Field Listing
lowest 10%: 2.8%
highest 10%: 27.8% (1995)
Distribution of family income - Gini index:
Definition Field Listing
36 (1995)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
2.1% (2003 est.)
Labor force:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
4.99 million (2003)
Labor force - by occupation:
Definition Field Listing
agriculture and forestry 41%, industry 7%, services 52% (2001)
Unemployment rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
1.1% (official rate is 1.2%) (2003 est.)
Budget:
Definition Field Listing
revenues: $2.063 billion
expenditures: $2.202 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2003)
Public debt:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
16.3% of GDP (2003 est.)
Agriculture - products:
Definition Field Listing
cotton, grain, rice, grapes, fruit, vegetables, tea, tobacco; cattle, pigs, sheep, goats
Industries:
Definition Field Listing
petroleum and natural gas, petroleum products, oilfield equipment; steel, iron ore, cement; chemicals and petrochemicals; textiles
Industrial production growth rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
6.1% (2003 est.)
Electricity - production:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
18.23 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - consumption:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
16.65 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports:
Definition Field Listing
700 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports:
Definition Field Listing
400 million kWh (2001)
Oil - production:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
307,200 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Oil - consumption:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
140,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Oil - exports:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
NA (2001)
Oil - imports:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
NA (2001)
Oil - proved reserves:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
589 million bbl (1 January 2002)
Natural gas - production:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
5.72 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Natural gas - consumption:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
6.72 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Natural gas - exports:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
0 cu m (2001 est.)
Natural gas - imports:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
1 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Natural gas - proved reserves:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
62.3 billion cu m (1 January 2002)
Current account balance:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
$-2.021 billion (2003)
Exports:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
$2.605 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)
Exports - commodities:
Definition Field Listing
oil and gas 90%, machinery, cotton, foodstuffs
Exports - partners:
Definition Field Listing
Italy 34.1%, Czech Republic 11.4%, Germany 10.5%, France 8.2%, Turkey 5.9%, Georgia 4.5%, Russia 4.5% (2003)
Imports:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
$2.498 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)
Imports - commodities:
Definition Field Listing
machinery and equipment, oil products, foodstuffs, metals, chemicals
Imports - partners:
Definition Field Listing
Russia 15.5%, Turkey 12%, UK 8.7%, Germany 8.1%, China 7.8%, Ukraine 5.4%, Italy 4.6%, US 4.6%, Kazakhstan 4.3% (2003)
Reserves of foreign exchange & gold:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
$820.9 million (2003)
Debt - external:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
$1.575 billion (2003)
Economic aid - recipient:
Definition Field Listing
ODA, $140 million (2000 est.)
Currency:
Definition Field Listing
Azerbaijani manat (AZM)
Currency code:
Definition Field Listing
AZM
Exchange rates:
Definition Field Listing
Azerbaijani manats per US dollar - 4,910.73 (2003), 4,860.82 (2002), 4,656.58 (2001), 4,474.15 (2000), 4,120.17 (1999)
Fiscal year:
Definition Field Listing
calendar year
   Communications    Azerbaijan
Telephones - main lines in use:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
923,800 (2002)
Telephones - mobile cellular:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
870,000 (2002)
Telephone system:
Definition Field Listing
general assessment: inadequate; requires considerable expansion and modernization; teledensity of 10 main lines per 100 persons is low (2002)
domestic: the majority of telephones are in Baku and other industrial centers - about 700 villages still without public telephone service; satellite service connects Baku to a modern switch in its exclave of Naxcivan
international: country code - 994; the old Soviet system of cable and microwave is still serviceable; a satellite connection to Turkey enables Baku to reach about 200 additional countries, some of which are directly connected to Baku by satellite providers other than Turkey (1997)
Radio broadcast stations:
Definition Field Listing
AM 10, FM 17, shortwave 1 (1998)
Television broadcast stations:
Definition Field Listing
2 (1997)
Internet country code:
Definition Field Listing
.az
Internet hosts:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
586 (2004)
Internet users:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
300,000 (2002)
   Transportation    Azerbaijan
Railways:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
total: 2,957 km
broad gauge: 2,957 km 1.520-m gauge (1,278 km electrified) (2003)
Highways:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
total: 24,981 km
paved: 23,057 km
unpaved: 1,924 km (2000)
Pipelines:
Definition Field Listing
gas 4,451 km; oil 1,518 km (2004)
Ports and harbors:
Definition Field Listing
Baku (Baki)
Merchant marine:
Definition Field Listing
total: 56 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 253,004 GRT/318,922 DWT
by type: cargo 14, petroleum tanker 40, roll on/roll off 2
foreign-owned: Russia 1 (2004 est.)
Airports:
Definition Field Listing
67 (2003 est.)
Airports - with paved runways:
Definition Field Listing
total: 27
over 3,047 m: 2
2,438 to 3,047 m: 6
1,524 to 2,437 m: 15
914 to 1,523 m: 3
under 914 m: 1 (2003 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways:
Definition Field Listing
total: 40
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 6
under 914 m: 32 (2003 est.)
Heliports:
Definition Field Listing
2 (2003 est.)
   Military    Azerbaijan
Military branches:
Definition Field Listing
Army, Navy, Air and Air Defense Forces
Military manpower - military age and obligation:
Definition Field Listing
18 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service; law passed December 2001 raises maximum conscription age from 28 to 35 (December 2001)
Military manpower - availability:
Definition Field Listing
males age 15-49: 2,187,847 (2004 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service:
Definition Field Listing
males age 15-49: 1,748,567 (2004 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually:
Definition Field Listing
males: 83,131 (2004 est.)
Military expenditures - dollar figure:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
$121 million (FY99)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
2.6% (FY99)
   Transnational Issues    Azerbaijan
Disputes - international:
Definition Field Listing
Armenia supports ethnic Armenian secessionists in Nagorno-Karabakh and militarily occupies about one-sixth of Azerbaijan - Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) continues to mediate dispute; Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, and Russia ratify Caspian seabed delimitation treaties based on equidistance, while Iran continues to insist on an even one-fifth allocation and challenges Azerbaijan's hydrocarbon exploration in disputed waters; talks resume with Turkmenistan on dividing the seabed in 2004 as both sides await an ICJ decision on contested oilfields in the middle of the Caspian; Azerbaijan protests Georgian constructions at the Red Bridge crossing and several other small segments of boundary, which remain unresolved until delimitation
Refugees and internally displaced persons:
Definition Field Listing
IDPs: 571,000 (conflict with Armenia over Nagorno-Karabakh) (2004)
Illicit drugs:
Definition Field Listing
limited illicit cultivation of cannabis and opium poppy, mostly for CIS consumption; small government eradication program; transit point for Southwest Asian opiates bound for Russia and to a lesser extent the rest of Europe

This page was last updated on 10 February, 2005


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